Clinical intelligence & editorial.

PLOS

Effects and mechanisms of exercise timing on cognitive function in older type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment: A magnetic resonance imaging-based randomized controlled trial protocol

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prevalent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cognitive impairment progressively impairs self-care abilities, thereby triggering a vicious cycle of poor glycemic control and further cognitive decline. Exercise has been widely recognized as an effective strategy to improve both glycemic control and cognitive function; however, an optimal time of day for exercise to mitigate this neurodegenerative trajectory has not been determined. Thi...

Diabetes

Yanyu Lin, Zhiying Ma, Jinghua Zhang, Jie Zhuang• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Impact of cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the geriatric population of Añisok, Equatorial Guinea: A prospective cohort study (2024–2025)

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing global health challenge, with management increasingly focused on organ protection and mitigating cardiometabolic-renal risk. In sub-Saharan African geriatric populations, the interplay between frailty, hypertension, and obesity presents critical diagnostic and management challenges. This prospective cohort study evaluated the baseline prevalence of T2D and the prospective risk of major adverse clinical outcomes associated with a concomitant...

Diabetes

María Nieves Ayetebe Abogo, Mariano Guerrero Fernández, Roberto Ferrándiz Gomis, Raquel Jiménez Fernández• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Examining the association between household water insecurity, food insecurity and depression among people living with HIV in Ghana

Although recent literature increasingly recognizes HIV, food insecurity, water insecurity, and depression as interconnected syndemics, research simultaneously evaluating the role of all these factors is limited among people living with HIV. We assessed the associations between water insecurity and food insecurity and how they relate to depression among people living with HIV in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of an ongoing cohort in three regions of Ghana. PHQ-9 d...

Depression

Jerry John Ouner, Agani Afaya, Jaffer Okiring, Sera Young, Rachel G. A. Thompson, Torsten B. Neilands, Tarik Benmarhnia, Isaac Yeboah, Raymond Aborigo, Monica Getahun, Sheri Weiser• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Pharmacogenomics-guided cardiovascular therapy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of barriers, equity gaps, and pathways to personalized medicine

Cardiovascular disease causes more deaths than any other condition worldwide, and four in five of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pharmacogenomics (PGx) uses genetic testing to guide drug selection and administration, which can reduce adverse drug reactions and enhance treatment response; however, LMIC groups are significantly underrepresented in the evidence base, limiting equitable clinical translation. A systematic review was conducted, following PRISMA 2020 gu...

Cardiovascular

Md. Farid Reza Mashfi, Sumiya Sharmin Mou, Monalisa Riya, Nasiba Binte Bahar, Tasnuha Islam, Fayek Rafi Ahmad, Fabliha Fatima, Md. Elias Al-Mamun• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Nationwide trends in physical disability among rheumatoid arthritis patients in Korea (2010–2022): A retrospective cohort study based on national registry data

Background: Whether the burden of legally certified disability among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has decreased in the modern treatment era is uncertain, particularly in Asia. We investigated trends in registered and physical disability among Korean patients with RA. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service data (patient-level 50% random sample), we identified patients aged ≥19 years with seropositive RA registered in the copayment assistance program for rare and intractable d...

Arthritis

Bo Young Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Hwajeong Lee, Jung-Yoon Choe, Sung-Hoon Park, Sang Gyu Kwak• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Integrative analysis reveals shared biomarkers and pathways in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning and single-cell sequencing

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are prevalent chronic diseases characterized by bone loss and immune dysregulation. Evidence suggests that patients with RA are at increased risk of developing OP; however, the shared molecular mechanisms linking these conditions remain incompletely understood. Methods: Publicly available bulk transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets for OP and RA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. W...

Arthritis

Jin Zhao, Yixuan Chen, Fei Yang, Cheng Tian, Wenyan Luo, Zhou Su, Bohuan Yang, Wei Liu, Hongbo Yang• November 4, 2026

PLOS

Correction: Hyperoxygenation Attenuated a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis through Raising Skin Level of ROS

Notice of Republication This article was republished on October 19, 2026 to correct the author list and remove Yeo Kyong Lee from the byline. Please download this article again to view the correct version. The originally published, uncorrected article and the republished, corrected article are provided here for reference. Supporting information S1 File Originally published, uncorrected article. (PDF) S2 File Republished, corrected article. (PDF)

Atopic Dermatitis

The PLOS One Editors• November 3, 2026

PLOS

PIVKA-II and hematological parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-malignant chronic liver disease: A case-control biomarker comparison in a hepatitis-endemic population

Background: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging in hepatitis-endemic settings such as Pakistan, where surveillance commonly relies on ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), both of which have limited sensitivity for early-stage disease. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), complete blood count (CBC) parameters, and CBC-derived hematological indices for discriminating HCC...

Hematology

Muhammad Sameer Hashmi, Muhammad Aqif Ilyas• November 3, 2026

PLOS

Correction: Diagnostic accuracy of digital technologies compared with 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in adults: A protocol for a systematic review

The fourth author’s initials appear incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Sheron VA, Surenthirakumaran R, Gooden TE, Lip GYH, Thomas GN, J. Moore D, et al. (2024) Diagnostic accuracy of digital technologies compared with 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in adults: A protocol for a systematic review. PLoS ONE 19(5): e0301729. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301729 .

Ecg

Vethanayagam Antony Sheron, Rajendra Surenthirakumaran, Tiffany E. Gooden, Gregory Y. H. Lip, G. Neil Thomas, David J. Moore, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Balachandran Kumarendran, Kumaran Subaschandran, Shribavan Kanesamoorthy, Powsiga Uruthirakumar, Mahesan Guruparan, on behalf of the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management• November 3, 2026

PLOS

Pain, sensory acceptability, and treatment compliance following cryotherapy and topical anesthetics in children: A randomized clinical trial

: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of cryotherapy, anesthetic spray, and gel on pain, anxiety, physiological responses, taste acceptability, and treatment compliance in children aged 7–10 years undergoing their first dental treatment. 100 healthy children were randomly allocated into four groups: 10% lidocaine spray, 20% benzocaine gel, cryotherapy with distilled water cooled to +4 °C, and lidocaine spray cooled to +4 °C. Following topical application, buccal infiltrat...

Pain

Emine Zehra Aydın Çetin, Bilal Özmen• November 3, 2026

PLOS

Profiles of mental health indicators among Ukrainian people recently bereaved in the context of the full-scale Russian invasion

Bereavement research has frequently focused on psychopathology, while comparatively less attention has been given to well-being as a component of mental health. This study is the first to examine mental health profiles based on ICD-11 Prolonged Grief (PG) symptoms, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and well-being in a sample of Ukrainians bereaved during the full-scale Russian invasion. Participants were 290 adults (Mage = 34.3, SD = 9.1 years), who had lost a loved one on average 5.3 months...

Mental Health

Justina Pociūnaitė-Ott, Paul A. Boelen, Iryna Frankova, Iryna Norkina, Maria Luisa F. Rispa Hoyos, Lonneke I.M. Lenferink• November 3, 2026

PLOS

Correction: Trends in non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia: A nationwide study

In the Funding statement, the project number for the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea) under the Technology Innovation Program is listed incorrectly. The correct project number is: Project No. 20018183.

Insomnia

Mingee Choi, Junbok Lee, Jeahyung Lee, Suonaa Lee, Eun Lee, Jaeyong Shin• November 3, 2026