Clinical intelligence & editorial.

PubMed

Artificial intelligence in cardiology for non-experts: decoding key terms and understanding machine learning methodologies. A Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology, the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the Heart Failure Association (HFA), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, the ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee, and the ESC Digital Cardiology and Artificial Intelligence Committee.

Abstract Evidence-based medicine represents the systematic approach through which physicians today use the best available scientific evidence from clinical research to guide their clinical decision-making process. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), with its diverse models and potential applications in medicine, is leading to a new form of research driven by ‘big data’ and heterogeneous datasets, extending beyond conventional statistical analysis and thereby making AI litera...

Cardiology

De Lucia R, Cluitmans M, Ramírez J, Kolossváry M, Climent AM, Millet J, Parollo M, Tubaro M, Volterrani M, Dendale P, D'Ascenzo F, Szymański P, Jensen MT, Dilaveris P, Bernardino G, Duncker D, Rienstra M, Vidal-Perez R, Locati ET, Treskes R, Schuuring M, Vitale C, Aung N, Leeson P, Busnatu S, Koltowski L, Casado-Arroyo R• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Transvaginal ultrasound with color doppler in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: A single-center case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography and imaging indicators in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this case-control study, 100 PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 100 healthy subjects (control group) were selected. The total ovarian area, ovarian medullary area, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic blood flow velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) were compared. The total ovarian area, ovarian medullary area, PSV, and EDV of PC...

Ultrasound

Bu Y, Yu W, Zhao W, Liang X, Na F, Wu J• November 6, 2026

PubMed

The CALLY index, a novel composite biomarker, is inversely associated with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm): A nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is an intermediate pulmonary phenotype with heightened cardiometabolic risk. Effective tools for its identification are lacking. However, its relationship with systemic inflammatory-nutritional balance is underexplored. The CALLY index integrates C-reactive protein, albumin, and lymphocyte count. This composite biomarker reflects inflammatory-nutritional homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the ln(CALLY) index and PRISm...

Spirometry

Ye Y, Zhao Y, Jin L, Zhang J, Jia Q, Bai W, Wang Y• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Clinical Outcome Assessments in Movement Disorders: A Scoping Review of Current Rating Scales and Future Needs Beyond Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract Background Clinical outcome assessments (COA) are essential for evaluating symptom severity, treatment response, and disease progression in movement disorders. As clinical knowledge evolves, it is necessary to ensure COAs continued relevance and validity. Objectives The aims were to provide an updated overview of existing Movement Disorder Society (MDS)–recommended COAs in movement disorders and to identify specific constructs or COAs requiring further revision or validation to info...

Scales

Tsitsi P, Papathoma E, Vijiaratnam N, Aquino C, Duma SR, Kovacs N, Okeng'o KL, Shukla AW, Bhidayasiri R, Espay AJ, Mestre TA, Ferro AS, Tosin MHS, Skorvanek M, Markaki I• November 6, 2026

PubMed

The protein partitioning model of body composition.

Two leading paradigms dominate discussions of obesity: the Energy Balance Model (EBM), which attributes weight gain to a surplus of caloric intake over expenditure, and the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model (CIM), which emphasizes carbohydrate-driven hormonal shifts that promote fat storage. Here we introduce the Protein Partitioning Model (PPM), a muscle-centric framework proposing that dietary protein and muscular activity interact to influence energy partitioning and thereby shape body composition e...

Body Composition

Roy D, Roy J• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Prescribing, Medication Adherence, and Blood Pressure Goal Achievement Among Middle-to-Older Age Adults in a Primary Care Setting.

Background Blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive people remains inadequate. This study aims to assess BP goal achievement among people prescribed antihypertensives, to examine medication nonadherence, and to identify demographics associated with goal achievements and medication nonadherence in this population. Methods This was a cross‐sectional analysis of the Mitchelstown Cohort Study Rescreen data. Goal achievement was assessed in accordance with the 2013 European guidelines, the g...

Blood Pressure

Elhiny R, O'Keeffe LM, Das T, Burton E, Millar SR, Byrne S, Donovan M, Bermingham M• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Association between pre-stroke anemia and risk of acute kidney injury following ischemic stroke: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.

Although anemia is an established risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), its specific impact on post-stroke AKI remains inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate the association between pre-stroke anemia and the risk of developing AKI after acute ischemic stroke. This retrospective study, using the TriNetX research network database, identified adult patients who experienced their 1st recorded ischemic stroke between January 2010 and December 2023. Patients were categorized based...

Stroke

Chen IW, Kao CL, Lai YC, Hung KC• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Association between serum insulin levels and self-reported walking difficulty among adults with a history of stroke: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999-2018.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. Walking difficulty is an important functional limitation among adults with a history of stroke. However, the association between serum insulin levels and self-reported walking difficulty in this population remains insufficiently studied. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 to evaluate the association between serum insulin levels and self-reported walking diffic...

Stroke

Fu T, Wang A, Peng J, Tian X, Chen X• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Alleviating Depressive Symptoms Through Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Long-Term Effects on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of physical and psychological comorbidities, including depression. Although the short-term impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on depressive symptoms is established, its long-term psychological impact beyond 2 years remains underexplored. Objective To evaluate the impact of long-term CPAP therapy on depressive symptoms in patients with OSA, focusing on Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) subdomain changes, as...

Sleep Apnea

Kozu Y, Hiranuma H, Itoda Y, Jinno Y, Yokota S, Maruoka S, Gon Y• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Reduced diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires in older psychiatric patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea: an observational cohort study.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among geriatric patients and is associated with increased mortality, reduced quality of life, depression, and cognitive decline. Early identification and treatment are particularly important in older psychiatric patients, in whom typical OSA symptoms overlap with psychiatric and aging-related symptoms. Screening questionnaires are used to identify patients at risk for OSA, but their performance in older psychiatric populations is larg...

Sleep Apnea

Bailer M, Stein EM, Sprügel MI, Mestermann S, Sonnauer F, Schwarz JA, Utz J, Spitzer P, Kornhuber J• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Impact of household pesticide exposure on respiratory disease mortality in adults: A prospective cohort study.

Occupational pesticide exposure is known to cause respiratory disease. However, evidence regarding household pesticide exposure remains unclear. This study examines the link between self-reported household pesticide exposure, urinary metabolites, and respiratory disease mortality in adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2007 and 2014. Data on household pesticide application and related urinary metabolites were collected for analysis. W...

Respiratory

Guo J, Li M, Li X, Liu G, Li A, Yang W, Yang Y, Luo Z, Zhu W• November 6, 2026

PubMed

Role of metabolites in mediating the effect of lipidomes on osteoporosis: A Mendelian randomization study.

We investigated the causal relationships between the plasma lipidomes, osteoporosis (OP), and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Using summary-level data from a genome-wide association study, bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the plasma lipidomes and OP, and two-step MR to discover potential mediating metabolites. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results further. After primary analysis and a...

Osteoporosis

Gao W, Lv H, Zhou Y, Chu Q, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wang J, Jiang T• November 6, 2026