Visudyne (verteporfin)
Ophthalmic - Photodynamic Therapy Agents Intravenous Vial (Ea)
Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
Overview
Verteporfin, a synthetic benzoporphyrin derivative, is a cytotoxic photosensitizing agent that is activated by low-intensity nonheat-generating laser light at a wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak of verteporfin (i.e., 689 nm).
Verteporfin, a synthetic benzoporphyrin derivative, is a cytotoxic photosensitizing agent that is activated by low-intensity nonheat-generating laser light at a wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak of verteporfin (i.e., 689 nm). The drug is used as a component of photodynamic therapy in which a photosensitive compound is activated by light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in a physiochemical event that can be used to selectively damage pathologic structures. Activation of verteporfin leads to generation of highly-reactive, short-lived singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen intermediates that cause local cytotoxic effects.
When verteporfin is used in the management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization, light activation of the drug in the eye results in local damage to the neovascular endothelial cells, which leads to temporary occlusion of choroidal neovasculature.
The specificity and preferential uptake of verteporfin by cells expressing high levels of low-density lipoprotein receptors (e.g., neovascular endothelial cells, tumor cells) have been enhanced by use of a liposomal-based formulation of the drug that is transported by low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in plasma. While verteporfin apparently accumulates preferentially in neovasculature, including choroidal neovasculature, evidence from animal models indicates that the drug also is distributed to the retina. Therefore, collateral damage to retinal structures (e.g., retinal pigmented epithelium, outer nuclear retinal layer) may occur following photoactivation of verteporfin.
Verteporfin is metabolized to a small extent by liver and plasma esterases to a diacid metabolite that exhibits pharmacologic activity similar to that of verteporfin. The drug apparently is not metabolized by NADPH-dependent liver enzymes (including the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes). Verteporfin is excreted principally as unchanged drug in feces with only small amounts of the drug (<0.01% of an administered dose) recovered in urine.
USES: Verteporfin is used along with laser light treatment to treat certain serious eye conditions (such as macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, ocular histoplasmosis). It is used to help prevent decreased vision and blindness. After you have received the injection of verteporfin, your doctor will use laser light treatment on the affected eye(s).
The laser light will change the drug to a form that works by damaging only those cells that cause the serious eye problem.
Generic name: verteporfin
Pronunciation: (VER-te-POR-fin)
Drug class: Ophthalmic - Photodynamic Therapy Agents
Therapeutic class: Ophthalmic Agents
Reference product & biosimilars
No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.
Today’s intelligence on Visudyne
Indications
The following indications are listed for Visudyne:
- Choroidal Neovascularization
- Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Ocular Histoplasmosis
- Pathologic Myopia
Also known as: Armd With Choroidal Neovascularization, Choroid Neovascularization, Darling's Disease Of The Eye, Ophthalmic Histoplasmosis, Pathologic Nearsightedness, Pathologic Shortsightedness, Senile Macular Degeneration With Subretinal Neovascularization, Senile Macular Retinal Degeneration.
Dosing
The usual dose of verteporfin in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, or presumed ocular histoplasmosis is 6 mg/m2. The recommended light dose is 50 J/cm2 of neovascular lesion administered at an intensity of 600 mW/cm2 over 83 seconds. Light dose, light intensity, ophthalmic lens magnification factor, and zoom lens setting are important parameters for the appropriate delivery of light to the predetermined treatment spot. The greatest linear dimension (GLD) of the lesion, including all classic and occult choroidal neovascularization, blood and/or blocked fluorescence, and any serous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium, is estimated by fluorescein angiograph and color fundus photography and is corrected for the magnification of the fundus camera to obtain the GLD of the lesion on the retina. The treatment spot size should be 1000 mcm larger than the GLD of the lesion on the retina to allow a 500-mcm border and ensure full coverage of the lesion. In clinical studies the maximum spot size used was 6400 mcm. The nasal edge of the treatment spot must be positioned as least 200 mcm from the temporal edge of the optic disc, even if this will result in lack of exposure of choroidal neovascularization within 200 mcm of the optic nerve.
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin may be repeated every 3 months in patients with choroidal neovascular leakage detected on fluorescein angiography. Results of clinical studies in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration showed that the average number of treatments decreased from 3.4 during the first year to 2.1 during the second year (total of 5.4 treatments over the 24-month period). Safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for longer than 2 years have not been established to date.
No dosing information is available for this tab.
| Drug label | Dosing type | Instructions |
|---|---|---|
| Visudyne 15 Mg Vial | Maintenance | Infuse 6 mg/m2 over 10 minute(s) by intravenous route once. |
No dosing information is available for this tab.
Drug interactions
There is no enhanced messaging for this drug.
There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.
There are no severe interactions for this drug.
There are no moderate interactions for this drug.
Contraindications
Porphyria.
Known hypersensitivity to verteporfin or any ingredient in the formulation.
- Lactation
- Porphyria
There are no severe contraindications for this drug.
There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.
Adverse reactions
Injection site reactions and visual disturbances were the most frequently reported adverse effects among those reported in 1% or more of patients receiving verteporfin. In clinical studies in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration, injection site reactions (e.g., extravasation, rash) were reported in 15.9 or 5.8% of patients receiving verteporfin or placebo, respectively; cataracts were reported in up to 14.9% of verteporfin-treated patients and 15% of placebo-treated patients. Blepharitis; conjunctivitis/conjunctival injection; dry eyes; ocular itching; severe vision loss with or without subretinal or vitreous hemorrhage; back pain during infusion; asthenia; fever; flu-like syndrome; atrial fibrillation; hypertension; peripheral vascular disorder; varicose veins; eczema; constipation; GI cancers; nausea; anemia; leukocyte count increase/decrease; increased liver function test results; albuminuria; serum creatinine increase; arthralgia; arthrosis; myasthenia; hypesthesia; sleep disorder; vertigo; cough; pharyngitis; pneumonia; hearing decrease; diplopia; lacrimation disorder; and prostatic disorder occurred in 1-10% of verteporfin-treated patients.
Retinal detachment (nonrhegmatogenous), retinal or choroidal vessel nonperfusion, chest pain and other musculoskeletal pain during infusion, syncope, and vasovagal reactions have occurred in patients receiving verteporfin.
More Frequent
- Blurred vision
- Photophobia
- Reduced visual acuity
- Visual changes
- Visual field defect
Less Frequent
- Abnormal hepatic function tests
- Anemia
- Atrial fibrillation
- Blepharitis
- Cataracts
- Conjunctivitis
- Hypertension
- Ocular hemorrhage
- Pneumonia
- Vision impairment
Rare or Very Rare
- Anaphylaxis
- Chest pain
- Extravasation injury
- Hypersensitivity drug reaction
- Leukopenia
- Retinal detachment
- Tear of retinal pigment epithelium
More Frequent
- Headache disorder
- Injection site sequelae
Less Frequent
- Arthralgia
- Back pain
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Constipation
- Cough
- Diplopia
- Dry eye
- Eczema
- Fever
- Flu-like symptoms
- General weakness
- Hypoesthesia
- Muscle weakness
- Nausea
- Pharyngitis
- Proteinuria
- Skin photosensitivity
- Sleep disorder
- Varicose veins
- Vertigo
Rare or Very Rare
- Hearing loss
- Musculoskeletal pain
Precautions
No enhanced messaging available.
Safety and efficacy not established in children.
Category C. (See Users' Guide.)
It is not known if verteporfin is distributed in milk; caution if used in nursing women.
Approximately 90% of patients in clinical studies were 65 years of age or older. Efficacy of verteporfin therapy is reduced with increasing age (e.g., 75 years of age or older).
ICD codes
| Code | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Choroidal neovascularization | ||
| H31.8 | ICD10CM | Other specified disorders of choroid |
| H35.3211 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3212 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3221 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3222 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3231 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3232 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3291 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3292 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H44.2A | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization |
| H44.2A1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, right eye |
| H44.2A2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, left eye |
| H44.2A3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, bilateral |
| H44.2A9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, unspecified eye |
| Neovascular age-related macular degeneration | ||
| H35.32 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration |
| H35.321 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye |
| H35.3210 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, stage unspecified |
| H35.3211 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3212 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3213 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with inactive scar |
| H35.322 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye |
| H35.3220 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, stage unspecified |
| H35.3221 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3222 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3223 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with inactive scar |
| H35.323 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral |
| H35.3230 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, stage unspecified |
| H35.3231 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3232 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3233 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with inactive scar |
| H35.329 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye |
| H35.3290 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, stage unspecified |
| H35.3291 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with active choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3292 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization |
| H35.3293 | ICD10CM | Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive scar |
| Ocular histoplasmosis | ||
| B39.4 | ICD10CM | Histoplasmosis capsulati, unspecified |
| B39.9 | ICD10CM | Histoplasmosis, unspecified |
| Pathologic myopia | ||
| H44.2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia |
| H44.20 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia, unspecified eye |
| H44.21 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia, right eye |
| H44.22 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia, left eye |
| H44.23 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia, bilateral |
| H44.2A | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization |
| H44.2A1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, right eye |
| H44.2A2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, left eye |
| H44.2A3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, bilateral |
| H44.2A9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with choroidal neovascularization, unspecified eye |
| H44.2B | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with macular hole |
| H44.2B1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with macular hole, right eye |
| H44.2B2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with macular hole, left eye |
| H44.2B3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with macular hole, bilateral |
| H44.2B9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with macular hole, unspecified eye |
| H44.2C | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with retinal detachment |
| H44.2C1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with retinal detachment, right eye |
| H44.2C2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with retinal detachment, left eye |
| H44.2C3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with retinal detachment, bilateral |
| H44.2C9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with retinal detachment, unspecified eye |
| H44.2D | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with foveoschisis |
| H44.2D1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with foveoschisis, right eye |
| H44.2D2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with foveoschisis, left eye |
| H44.2D3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with foveoschisis, bilateral |
| H44.2D9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with foveoschisis, unspecified eye |
| H44.2E | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy |
| H44.2E1 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy, right eye |
| H44.2E2 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy, left eye |
| H44.2E3 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy, bilateral |
| H44.2E9 | ICD10CM | Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy, unspecified eye |
ICD code information from First Databank (FDB).
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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data
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