Vyzulta (latanoprostene bunod)

Ophthalmic Prostaglandin Agonists Ophthalmic (Eye) Drops

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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data

Overview

Latanoprostene bunod, a synthetic analog of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), is an ocular hypotensive agent.

Latanoprostene bunod, a synthetic analog of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), is an ocular hypotensive agent.

Latanoprostene bunod is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by cellular esterases to 2 active moieties (i.e., latanoprost acid (prostaglandin agonist) and butanediol mononitrate (nitric oxide donor)) following topical ophthalmic administration and these active metabolites reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by a dual mechanism of action. Latanoprostene bunod treatment increases aqueous humor outflow within both the trabecular meshwork (conventional route) and the uveoscleral pathway (nonconventional route). Latanoprost acid increases aqueous humor outflow via the uveoscleral pathway; butanediol mononitrate releases nitric oxide, inducing relaxation and increasing aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal.

The release of nitric oxide causes human trabecular meshwork relaxation through activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway and reduction in myosin light chain-2 (MLC- 2) phosphorylation. A synergistic effect on aqueous humor outflow resulting from the drug's dual mechanism of action may contribute to the additional IOP-lowering effects of latanoprostene bunod compared with latanoprost. Following topical application of latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution to the eye, reduction in IOP occurs within 1-3 hours and peaks within 11-13 hours.

Although quantifiable plasma concentrations of latanoprostene bunod and its active metabolite, butanediol mononitrate, have not been detected following topical administration of the drug to the eye, the other active metabolite, latanoprost acid, has been detected in plasma. In one study following topical application of latanoprostene bunod 0.024% solution once daily to each eye for 28 days in healthy individuals, plasma concentrations of latanoprostene bunod were undetectable (lower limit of quantitation 10 pg/mL) after the dose on days 1 and 28. Plasma concentrations of butanediol mononitrate also were undetectable (lower limit of quantitation 200 pg/mL).

Latanoprost acid was detected in plasma (lower limit of quantitation 30 pg/mL) and mean maximal plasma concentrations of this metabolite were 59.1 and 51.1 pg/mL on days 1 and 28, respectively. The mean time to maximal plasma concentrations of latanoprost acid was approximately 5 minutes following administration of latanoprostene bunod on both days 1 and 28. However, elimination of latanoprost acid from human plasma is rapid and plasma concentrations dropped below the lower limit of quantitation (30 pg/mL) in most individuals by 15 minutes following the dose.

After latanoprost acid reaches the systemic circulation, it is mainly metabolized by the liver to the 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor metabolites via fatty acid beta-oxidation. Butanediol mononitrate is metabolized to 1,4-butanediol and nitric oxide; the metabolite 1,4-butanediol is further oxidized to succinic acid and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

USES: Latanoprostene bunod is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open-angle type) or other eye diseases (such as ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent blindness. This medication works by controlling the flow of fluid within the eye to maintain a normal pressure.

Generic name: latanoprostene bunod
Pronunciation: (la-TAN-oh-PROS-teen BUE-nod)
Drug class: Ophthalmic Prostaglandin Agonists
Therapeutic class: Ophthalmic Agents

Reference product & biosimilars

No reference, biosimilar or interchangeable associated with this drug.

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Indications

The following indications are listed for Vyzulta:

  • Ocular Hypertension
  • Open Angle Glaucoma

Also known as: Chronic Glaucoma, Compensated Glaucoma, Glaucoma Simplex, Increased Intraocular Pressure, Increased Iop, Open-Angle Glaucoma, Raised Intraocular Pressure, Simple Glaucoma.

Dosing

For the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, 1 drop of latanoprostene bunod 0.024% solution should be instilled into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Latanoprostene bunod should not be administered more frequently than once daily since more frequent dosing may diminish the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of the drug.

If the target IOP is not achieved, alternative or additional ocular hypotensive agents may be required. (See Uses: Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma.)

Drug interactions

No formal drug interaction studies using latanoprostene bunod have been performed to date. However, interactions are not expected because of limited systemic exposure following topical application to the eye.

Contraindications

The manufacturer states there are no known contraindications to the use of latanoprostene bunod.

Adverse reactions

Adverse effects occurring in 2% or more of patients receiving latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution include conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation, eye pain, and instillation site pain.

Approximately 0.6% of patients receiving latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution in clinical trials discontinued therapy because of adverse ocular reactions, including ocular hyperemia, conjunctival irritation, conjunctival edema, eye irritation, blurred vision, punctate keratitis, and foreign body sensation.

Precautions

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ICD codes

CodeTypeDescription
Ocular hypertension
H40.05ICD10CMOcular hypertension
H40.051ICD10CMOcular hypertension, right eye
H40.052ICD10CMOcular hypertension, left eye
H40.053ICD10CMOcular hypertension, bilateral
H40.059ICD10CMOcular hypertension, unspecified eye
Open angle glaucoma
H40.1ICD10CMOpen-angle glaucoma
H40.10ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma
H40.10x0ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma, stage unspecified
H40.10x1ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma, mild stage
H40.10x2ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma, moderate stage
H40.10x3ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma, severe stage
H40.10x4ICD10CMUnspecified open-angle glaucoma, indeterminate stage
H40.11ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma
H40.111ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye
H40.1110ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye, stage unspecified
H40.1111ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye, mild stage
H40.1112ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye, moderate stage
H40.1113ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye, severe stage
H40.1114ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, right eye, indeterminate stage
H40.112ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye
H40.1120ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye, stage unspecified
H40.1121ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye, mild stage
H40.1122ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye, moderate stage
H40.1123ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye, severe stage
H40.1124ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, left eye, indeterminate stage
H40.113ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral
H40.1130ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral, stage unspecified
H40.1131ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral, mild stage
H40.1132ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral, moderate stage
H40.1133ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral, severe stage
H40.1134ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, bilateral, indeterminate stage
H40.119ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye
H40.1190ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye, stage unspecified
H40.1191ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye, mild stage
H40.1192ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye, moderate stage
H40.1193ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye, severe stage
H40.1194ICD10CMPrimary open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye, indeterminate stage
H40.12ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma
H40.121ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye
H40.1210ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye, stage unspecified
H40.1211ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye, mild stage
H40.1212ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye, moderate stage
H40.1213ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye, severe stage
H40.1214ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, right eye, indeterminate stage
H40.122ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye
H40.1220ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye, stage unspecified
H40.1221ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye, mild stage
H40.1222ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye, moderate stage
H40.1223ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye, severe stage
H40.1224ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, left eye, indeterminate stage
H40.123ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral
H40.1230ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral, stage unspecified
H40.1231ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral, mild stage
H40.1232ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral, moderate stage
H40.1233ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral, severe stage
H40.1234ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, bilateral, indeterminate stage
H40.129ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye
H40.1290ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye, stage unspecified
H40.1291ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye, mild stage
H40.1292ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye, moderate stage
H40.1293ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye, severe stage
H40.1294ICD10CMLow-tension glaucoma, unspecified eye, indeterminate stage
H40.13ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma
H40.131ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye
H40.1310ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye, stage unspecified
H40.1311ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye, mild stage
H40.1312ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye, moderate stage
H40.1313ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye, severe stage
H40.1314ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, right eye, indeterminate stage
H40.132ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye
H40.1320ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye, stage unspecified
H40.1321ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye, mild stage
H40.1322ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye, moderate stage
H40.1323ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye, severe stage
H40.1324ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, left eye, indeterminate stage
H40.133ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral
H40.1330ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral, stage unspecified
H40.1331ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral, mild stage
H40.1332ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral, moderate stage
H40.1333ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral, severe stage
H40.1334ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, bilateral, indeterminate stage
H40.139ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye
H40.1390ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye, stage unspecified
H40.1391ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye, mild stage
H40.1392ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye, moderate stage
H40.1393ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye, severe stage
H40.1394ICD10CMPigmentary glaucoma, unspecified eye, indeterminate stage
H40.14ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens
H40.141ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye
H40.1410ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye, stage unspecified
H40.1411ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye, mild stage
H40.1412ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye, moderate stage
H40.1413ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye, severe stage
H40.1414ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, right eye, indeterminate stage
H40.142ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye
H40.1420ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye, stage unspecified
H40.1421ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye, mild stage
H40.1422ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye, moderate stage
H40.1423ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye, severe stage
H40.1424ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, left eye, indeterminate stage
H40.143ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral
H40.1430ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral, stage unspecified
H40.1431ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral, mild stage
H40.1432ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral, moderate stage
H40.1433ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral, severe stage
H40.1434ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, bilateral, indeterminate stage
H40.149ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye
H40.1490ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye, stage unspecified
H40.1491ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye, mild stage
H40.1492ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye, moderate stage
H40.1493ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye, severe stage
H40.1494ICD10CMCapsular glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation of lens, unspecified eye, indeterminate stage
H40.15ICD10CMResidual stage of open-angle glaucoma
H40.151ICD10CMResidual stage of open-angle glaucoma, right eye
H40.152ICD10CMResidual stage of open-angle glaucoma, left eye
H40.153ICD10CMResidual stage of open-angle glaucoma, bilateral
H40.159ICD10CMResidual stage of open-angle glaucoma, unspecified eye

ICD code information from First Databank (FDB).

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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data