Olanzapine Odt (olanzapine)

Olanzapine is commercially available as the base and as the pamoate salt; the dosage of olanzapine pamoate is expressed in terms of olanzapine.

Conventional olanzapine tablets and orally disintegrating tablets of the drug are bioequivalent. However, IM administration of a 5-mg dose of the commercially available short-acting olanzapine injection results in a maximum plasma olanzapine concentration that is about 5 times higher than that resulting from a 5-mg oral dose of the drug.

Olanzapine is administered orally or by IM injection. Olanzapine pamoate is administered only by IM injection. Olanzapine is also available in fixed combination with fluoxetine or samidorphan. Refer to the prescribing information for olanzapine/samidorphan (Lybalvi(R)) for specific information on its administration and dosing.

No dosing information is available for this tab.

No dosing information is available for this tab.

Olanzapine is mainly metabolized via direct glucuronidation and cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation. In vitro studies suggest that CYP isoenzymes 1A2 and 2D6 and the flavin-containing monooxygenase system are involved in oxidation; however, CYP2D6-mediated oxidation appears to be a minor pathway.

In vitro studies utilizing human liver microsomes suggest that olanzapine has little potential to inhibit metabolism of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A substrates. Therefore, clinically important drug interactions between olanzapine and drugs metabolized by these isoenzymes are considered unlikely.

There are no contraindication interactions for this drug.

There are no severe interactions for this drug.

There are no moderate interactions for this drug.

*None.

There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.

There are no severe contraindications for this drug.

There are no moderate contraindications for this drug.

Adverse effects occurring in 5% or more of adult patients with schizophrenia receiving oral olanzapine monotherapy in clinical studies and with an incidence of at least twice that of placebo included postural hypotension, constipation, weight gain, dizziness, personality disorder, and akathisia. In adolescents with schizophrenia, common adverse effects included sedation, increased weight, headache, increased appetite, dizziness, abdominal pain, pain in extremity, fatigue, and dry mouth.

Adverse effects occurring in 5% or more of adult patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder receiving oral olanzapine monotherapy in clinical studies and with an incidence of at least twice that of placebo included asthenia, dry mouth, constipation, increased appetite, somnolence, dizziness, and tremor. In adolescents with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, common adverse effects included sedation, increased weight, increased appetite, headache, fatigue, dizziness, dry mouth, abdominal pain, and pain in extremity.

When oral olanzapine was used in conjunction with lithium or valproate for treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults, adverse effects occurring in 5% or more of patients in clinical studies and with an incidence of at least twice that of placebo included dry mouth, weight gain, increased appetite, dizziness, back pain, constipation, speech disorder, increased salivation, amnesia, and paresthesia.

When short-acting IM olanzapine was used for the management of acute agitation in clinical studies in adults, somnolence was the only adverse effect that occurred in 5% or more of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I mania and with an incidence at least twice that of placebo.

When extended-release olanzapine pamoate injection was used IM in adults with schizophrenia in a clinical study, adverse effects occurring in 5% or more of patients and more frequently than with placebo included headache, sedation, weight gain, cough, diarrhea, back pain, nausea, somnolence, dry mouth, nasopharyngitis, increased appetite, and vomiting.

There are no severe adverse reactions for this drug.

There are no less severe adverse reactions for this drug.

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The safety and effectiveness of oral olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder were established in short-term clinical trials in adolescents (13-17 years of age). Use of oral olanzapine in such adolescents is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials in which 268 adolescents received olanzapine in a dosage range of 2.5-20 mg daily. The recommended initial dosage for adolescents is lower than that for adults. Compared with adults in clinical trials, adolescents treated with oral olanzapine were likely to gain more weight, experience increased sedation, and have greater increases in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, prolactin, and hepatic transaminases.

Clinicians should consider the potential long-term risks (including weight gain and dyslipidemia) when prescribing olanzapine to adolescents; in many cases, this may lead them to consider prescribing other drugs first in such patients.

The manufacturer states that safety and efficacy of oral olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia or manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in children and adolescents younger than 13 years of age have not been established.

The safety and efficacy of oral olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of acute depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder were established in a short-term clinical trial in pediatric patients 10-17 years of age. Use of oral olanzapine and fluoxetine in such children and adolescents is supported by evidence from a well-controlled clinical trial in which 255 pediatric patients received olanzapine in a dosage range of 3-12 mg daily. The recommended initial dosage of olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for adolescents is lower than that for adults.

The manufacturer states that the safety and efficacy of oral olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression have not been established in patients younger than 18 years of age.

The manufacturer states that the safety and efficacy of oral olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 10 years of age.

The manufacturer states that the safety and efficacy of extended-release olanzapine pamoate IM injection in patients younger than 18 years of age have not been established.

A pregnancy exposure registry is available that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, during pregnancy. Clinicians are encouraged to enroll patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics at 866-961-2388 or online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/research/pregnancyregistry/. Currently available data from published epidemiologic studies of pregnant women exposed to olanzapine have not established a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse outcomes in the mother or fetus. However, there are risks to the mother (e.g., risk of relapse, hospitalization, suicide) associated with untreated schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder and with exposure to antipsychotics, including olanzapine, during pregnancy. Schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder are associated with increased adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth.

In pregnant rats and rabbits receiving oral olanzapine at doses 9 to 30 times the maximum recommended human dose based on mg/m2 body surface area, no teratogenicity was observed; however, some fetal toxicities (e.g., increased or early resorptions, increased numbers of nonviable fetuses, and decreased fetal weight) were observed.

Neonates exposed to antipsychotic agents, including olanzapine, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. Symptoms reported to date have included agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder. Neonates exhibiting such symptoms should be monitored. The complications have varied in severity; some neonates recovered within hours to days without specific treatment while others have required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization.

Olanzapine is distributed into milk. There are reports of excess sedation, irritability, poor feeding, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements) in infants exposed to olanzapine through breast milk. There are no data on the effects of olanzapine on milk production.

Consider the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding along with the mother's clinical need for olanzapine and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from the drug or from the mother's underlying condition.

Monitor infants exposed to olanzapine for excess sedation, irritability, poor feeding, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements).

The manufacturer suggests consideration of a lower starting dosage of oral olanzapine and extended-release IM olanzapine pamoate (e.g., Zyprexa(R) Relprevv) for any geriatric patient with factors present that could decrease pharmacokinetic clearance or increase pharmacodynamic response to olanzapine. When short-acting olanzapine for injection (e.g., Zyprexa(R) IntraMuscular) is used IM to treat agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar I mania in geriatric patients, a dose of 5 mg per injection should be considered when other clinical factors warrant.

In premarketing clinical studies with oral olanzapine, 11% (263 of 2500) of the patients were 65 years of age or older. Clinical experience in patients with schizophrenia generally has not revealed differences in tolerability of oral olanzapine in geriatric patients compared with younger adults.

Studies in patients with dementia-related psychosis have suggested that oral olanzapine may have a different tolerability profile in patients 65 years of age or older with this condition compared with younger patients with schizophrenia. Geriatric patients with dementia-related psychosis receiving antipsychotic agents, including olanzapine, are at an increased risk of death compared with that among patients receiving placebo. In addition, a significantly higher incidence of adverse cerebrovascular events (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack) was observed in patients receiving olanzapine compared with those receiving placebo in these trials. In 5 placebo-controlled studies of olanzapine in geriatric individuals with dementia-related psychosis, certain treatment-emergent adverse effects, including falls, somnolence, peripheral edema, abnormal gait, urinary incontinence, lethargy, increased weight, asthenia, pyrexia, pneumonia, dry mouth, and visual hallucinations, occurred in at least 2% of the patients and the incidence was significantly higher than in patients receiving placebo. Discontinuance of therapy because of adverse effects occurred in a significantly higher number of olanzapine-treated patients than in those receiving placebo (13% and 7%, respectively) in these studies.

The manufacturer states that olanzapine is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.

The manufacturer states that the presence of factors that might decrease the clearance of or increase the pharmacodynamic response to olanzapine should lead to consideration of a lower initial dosage of the drug in geriatric patients.

Clinical studies of olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age or older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients.

Clinical studies of extended-release IM olanzapine pamoate did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age or older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients.