Edurant Ped (rilpivirine HCl)

Rilpivirine is commercially available as rilpivirine hydrochloride; dosage is expressed in terms of rilpivirine.

If rilpivirine (Edurant(R)) is coadministered with rifabutin, the rilpivirine dosage should be increased to 50 mg once daily. If rifabutin coadministration is halted, the rilpivirine dosage should be decreased to 25 mg once daily.

Rilpivirine hydrochloride is available as oral tablets (Edurant(R)) and tablets for oral suspension (Edurant PED(R)); both formulations are administered once daily with a meal. Rilpivirine tablets should be administered to adults and pediatric patients weighing >=25 kg. Rilpivirine tablets for oral suspension should be administered only to pediatric patients weighing >=14 kg to <25 kg.

Rilpivirine oral tablets and tablets for oral suspension have differing pharmacokinetic profiles; therefore, the tablets and tablets for oral suspension should not be substituted on a milligram-per-milligram basis.

Rilpivirine tablets for oral suspension must be dispersed in drinking water and immediately consumed with a meal. If not consumed immediately, the suspension should be discarded and a new dose prepared. Rilpivirine tablets for oral suspension should not be crushed, chewed, or swallowed whole.

In order to properly prepare the tablets for oral suspension for administration, an appropriate number of tablets should be placed in a cup and 5 mL of room temperature drinking water should be added. The cup should be swirled carefully for 1--2 minutes; the oral suspension should begin to have a cloudy appearance. After swirling the cup for 1--2 minutes, the oral suspension may be consumed immediately or the suspension can be further diluted with 5 mL of drinking water, orange juice, or applesauce to assist in administration. All the medicine within the cup should be consumed immediately; a spoon may be used if needed. If medicine is still present in the cup, another 5 mL of drinking water (or alternative beverage or soft food) may be added to the cup, swirled, and consumed immediately.

Food enhances rilpivirine bioavailability. Systemic exposure is approximately 40 or 50% lower if rilpivirine tablets are administered under fasting conditions or with only a protein-rich nutritional drink, respectively, compared with following a standard meal (533 kcal) or high-caloric meal (928 kcal). Systemic exposure is 31 or 28% lower if rilpivirine tablets for oral suspension are dispersed in drinking water in fasted conditions or after yogurt consumption, respectively, compared with following a meal in adults containing 533 kcal.

If a dose of rilpivirine is missed within 12 hours of the time it is usually taken, take the missed dose as soon as possible with a meal. If a dose of rilpivirine is missed by more than 12 hours, then skip the missed dose and resume the normal dosing schedule.

Rilpivirine must be used in conjunction with other antiretrovirals. Single-entity rilpivirine should not be used concomitantly with emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide or cabotegravir/rilpivirine injeciton. Single-entity rilpivirine should not be used concomitantly with emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir DF, unless needed for adjustment of rilpivirine dosage (e.g., when the fixed combination is used concomitantly with rifabutin).

Store rilpivirine tablets and tablets for oral suspension at 20--25oC; (excursions permitted between 15-30oC). Store tablets in original bottle to protect from light and tablets for oral suspension in original package to protect from moisture.

No dosing information is available for this tab.

No dosing information is available for this tab.

Most rilpivirine drug interaction studies reported to date used rilpivirine dosages of 75 or 150 mg once daily; these dosages are considerably higher than the usually recommended rilpivirine dosage (25 mg once daily). Rilpivirine is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 3A (CYP3A).

The following drug interactions are based on studies using single-entity rilpivirine. When rilpivirine fixed combinations are used, interactions associated with each drug in the fixed combination should be considered.

Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

Anti-Retrovirals/Atidarsagene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Atidarsagene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of apheresed cells.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of atidarsagene autotemcel.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discontinue antiretrovirals for at least one month prior to mobilization (or the expected duration of time needed for elimination of the medication) until all cycles of apheresis are completed. If a patient requires antiretrovirals for HIV prophylaxis, then confirm a negative HIV test before beginning mobilization and apheresis of CD34+ cells.

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications may interfere with the manufacturing of atidarsagene autotemcel therapy.(1)

Anti-Retrovirals/Elivaldogene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Elivaldogene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of apheresed cells.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of elivaldogene autotemcel.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discontinue antiretrovirals for at least one month prior to mobilization and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. If a patient requires antiretrovirals for HIV prophylaxis, then confirm a negative HIV test before beginning mobilization and apheresis of CD34+ cells.

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications may interfere with the manufacturing of elivaldogene autotemcel therapy.(1)

Anti-Retrovirals/Etuvetidigene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Etuvetidigene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating HIV-based lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of the apheresed cells.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of etuvetidigene autotemcel.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients should not take antiretrovirals for at least one month prior to mobilization and until at least 7 days after etuvetidigene autotemcel infusion.(1) If a patient requires antiretroviral agents for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, etuvetidigene autotemcel treatment should be delayed until HIV testing is negative at 6 months post-exposure.(1)

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications may interfere with the manufacturing of etuvetidigene autotemcel therapy.(1)

Anti-Retrovirals/Lovotibeglogene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Lovotibeglogene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of apheresed cells.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of lovotibeglogene autotemcel.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discontinue antiretrovirals for at least one month prior to mobilization and until all cycles of apheresis are completed.(1) There are some long-acting antiretroviral medications that may require a longer duration of discontinuation for elimination of the medication. If a patient is taking anti-retrovirals for HIV prophylaxis, confirm a negative test for HIV before beginning mobilization and apheresis of CD34+ cells.(1)

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications may interfere with the manufacturing of lovotibeglogene autotemcel therapy.(1)

Anti-Retrovirals; Hydroxyurea/Betibeglogene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Betibeglogene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of apheresed cells. Hydroxyurea may interfere with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization of CD34+ cells.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of hydroxyurea before mobilization may result in unsuccessful stem cell mobilization. Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of betibeglogene autotemcel.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discontinue antiretrovirals and hydroxyurea for at least one month prior to mobilization and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. If a patient requires antiretrovirals for HIV prophylaxis, then confirm a negative HIV test before beginning mobilization and apheresis of CD34+ cells.

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications and hydroxyurea may interfere with the manufacturing of betibeglogene autotemcel therapy.(1)

Nnrtis/Cobicistat-Elvitegravir

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Cobicistat inhibits CYP2D6, CYP3A4, BCRP, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Elvitegravir induces CYP2C9. Efavirenz may induce the metabolism of cobicistat via CYP3A4.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of cobicistat-elvitegravir with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) may result in altered and/or suboptimal pharmacokinetics of cobicistat, elvitegravir, and/or the NNRTI.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The combination product containing cobicistat-elvitegravir-emtricitabine-tenofovir should not be used with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.(1)

DISCUSSION: Concurrent use of cobicistat-elvitegravir with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may result in altered and/or suboptimal pharmacokinetics of cobicistat, elvitegravir, and/or the NNRTI.(1)

Rilpivirine/Proton Pump Inhibitors

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Rilpivirine requires an acidic medium for absorption. The proton pump inhibitor induced decrease in gastric pH may result in a decrease in rilpivirine absorption.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of a proton pump inhibitor may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US manufacturer of rilpivirine states that concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors is contraindicated.(1) When substituting antacids for proton pump inhibitors in patients maintained on rilpivirine, administer the antacid at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine.(1) When substituting H2 antagonists for proton pump inhibitors in patients maintained on rilpivirine, administer the H2 antagonist at least 12 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine.(1)

DISCUSSION: In a study in 16 subjects, omeprazole (20 mg daily) decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax), area-under-curve (AUC), and minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine (150 mg daily) by 40%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. The Cmax and AUC of omeprazole decreased by 14% and 14%, respectively.(1) In a study in 24 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 12 hours before a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) had no significant effect on rilpivirine Cmax or AUC.(1) In a study in 23 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 2 hours before a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) decreased the rilpivirine Cmax and AUC by 85% and 76%, respectively.(1) In a study in 24 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 4 hours after a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) increased the rilpivirine Cmax and AUC by 21% and 13%, respectively.(1)

Rilpivirine/Selected Strong Cyp3a4 Inducers

SEVERITY LEVEL: 1-Contraindicated Drug Combination: This drug combination is contraindicated and generally should not be dispensed or administered to the same patient.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Apalutamide, barbiturates, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, enzalutamide, eslicarbazepine, fosphenytoin, ivosidenib, lumacaftor, mitotane, natisedine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, rifapentine, and St. John's wort may induce the metabolism of rilpivirine by CYP3A4.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or recent use of apalutamide, barbiturates, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, enzalutamide, eslicarbazepine, fosphenytoin, ivosidenib, lumacaftor, mitotane, natisedine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, rifapentine, or St. John's wort may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Induction effects may be more likely with regular use of the inducer for longer than 1-2 weeks.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US manufacturer of rilpivirine states that concurrent use of CYP3A4 inducers such as apalutamide, barbiturates, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, enzalutamide, eslicarbazepine, fosphenytoin, ivosidenib, lumacaftor, mitotane, natisedine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, rifapentine, or St. John's wort is contraindicated.(1) It may take several weeks after the discontinuation of an enzyme inducer for enzyme activity to return to normal.(1)

DISCUSSION: In a study in 16 subjects, rifampin (600 mg daily) decreased the Cmax, AUC, and Cmin of rilpivirine (150 mg daily) by 69%, 80%, and 89%, respectively. There were no significant effects on the Cmax or AUC of rifampin or 25-desacetylrifampin.(1) Strong CYP3A4 inducers linked include: apalutamide, barbiturates, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, encorafenib, enzalutamide, fosphenytoin, ivosidenib, lumacaftor, mitotane, natisedine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, rifapentine, or St. John's wort.

Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

Anti-Retrovirals/Marnetegragene Autotemcel

SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Marnetegragene autotemcel is prepared from apheresed cells that are transduced with a replication defective, self-inactivating lentiviral vector. Antiretrovirals may interfere with the manufacturing of transduced cells.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Use of antiretrovirals before mobilization and apheresis may interfere with the production of marnetegragene autotemcel.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Discontinue antiretrovirals for at least one month prior to mobilization (or the expected duration of time needed for elimination of the antiretrovirals) until all cycles of apheresis are completed. If a patient requires antiretrovirals for HIV prophylaxis, then confirm a negative HIV test before beginning mobilization and apheresis of CD34+ cells.(1)

DISCUSSION: Antiretroviral medications may interfere with the manufacturing of marnetegragene autotemcel.(1)

Oral Rilpivirine/Rifabutin

SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Rifabutin may induce the metabolism of rilpivirine by CYP3A4.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or recent use of rifabutin may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Induction effects may be more likely with regular use of the inducer for longer than 1-2 weeks.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US manufacturer of oral rilpivirine states that concurrent use of CYP3A4 inducers such as rifabutin warrants dose adjustment. When administering rifabutin with oral rilpivirine, increase the dose of rilpivirine to 50 mg once daily. When rifabutin co-administration is stopped, the rilpivirine dose should be decreased to 25 mg once daily. It may take several weeks after the discontinuation of an enzyme inducer for enzyme activity to return to normal.(1)

DISCUSSION: In a study in 18 subjects, rifabutin (300 mg daily) decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax), area-under-curve (AUC), and minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine (25 mg orally daily) by 31%, 42%, and 48%, respectively.(1) A study in 18 subjects compared rilpivirine administered alone (25 mg orally daily) to coadministration with rifabutin (300 mg daily) and rilpivirine (50 mg orally daily). A significant difference was not found with the Cmax (1.43), AUC (1.16), or Cmin (0.93) of rilpivirine. (1)

Selected Protease Inhibitors And Nnrtis/Garlic

SEVERITY LEVEL: 2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: The exact mechanism is unknown. Garlic may induce the metabolism of protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) by CYP3A4. P-glycoproteins may also be involved.(1,2)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent use of garlic and a protease inhibitor or NNRTI may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of the protease inhibitor or NNRTI therapy.(2-3)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Patients taking a protease inhibitor or NNRTI should avoid taking garlic supplements. Garlic from food sources is not likely to cause a problem, although there may be some concern if patients are ingesting a large quantity of garlic on a regular basis.

DISCUSSION: A study in nine HIV-negative subjects examined the effects of the concurrent use of a garlic supplement (taken twice daily) on saquinavir (1200 mg twice daily). Concurrent use resulted in a decrease in saquinavir area-under-curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and trough concentration (Cmin) by 51%, 49%, and 54%, respectively, when compared to the administration of saquinavir alone. Following a garlic washout period, saquinavir levels only returned to 60-70% of baseline.(2) In a study in 10 healthy subjects, the administration of garlic (10 mg twice daily) for four days had no significant effects on a single dose of ritonavir (400 mg). Ritonavir AUC and Cmax decreased by 17% and by 25%, respectively. However, the authors cautioned that their results should not be extrapolated to steady-state conditions.(4)

Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

Delavirdine; Rilpivirine/Didanosine

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: The exact mechanism is unknown.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: The simultaneous administration of delavirdine or rilpivirine and didanosine may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of the NNRTI and didanosine.(1-3)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The manufacturers of delavirdine(1) and didanosine(2) recommend that the administration of delavirdine and didanosine be separated by at least one hour. The manufacturer of rilpivirine recommends that didanosine be administered at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine.(3)

DISCUSSION: In a study in nine HIV-1 infected patients, the simultaneous administration of delavirdine (400 mg three times daily) with didanosine (either 125 mg or 250 mg twice daily) for 4 weeks decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area-under-curve (AUC) of didanosine by 20% and 21%, respectively. The Cmax and AUC of delavirdine decreased by 32% and 19%, respectively.(1) In a study in 12 HIV-infected patients, the simultaneous administration of delavirdine (400 mg single dose) with didanosine (125 mg or 200 mg every 12 hours) decreased delavirdine Cmax and AUC by 53% and 32%, respectively. Administration of delavirdine (400 mg single dose) 1 hour before didanosine (125 mg or 200 mg every 12 hours) increased delavirdine Cmax and AUC by 18% and 20%, respectively.(2) In a study in 21 subjects, administration of didanosine (400 mg delayed-release capsule daily) 2 hours before rilpivirine (150 mg daily) had no effect on the Cmax, AUC, or minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine. There were no significant effects on the Cmax or AUC of didanosine.(3)

Rilpivirine/Antacids; H2 Antagonists

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Rilpivirine requires an acidic medium for absorption. Antacid or H2 antagonist induced decrease in gastric pH may result in a decrease in rilpivirine absorption.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Simultaneous administration of an antacid or a H2 antagonist may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: In patients maintained on rilpivirine, administer antacids at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine.(1) In patients maintained on rilpivirine, administer H2 antagonists at least 12 hours before or 4 hours after rilpivirine.(1) Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors with rilpivirine is contraindicated.(1) Some vitamin preparations may contain sufficient quantities of calcium and/or magnesium salts with antacid properties to interact as well.

DISCUSSION: In a study in 16 subjects, omeprazole (20 mg daily) decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax), area-under-curve (AUC), and minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine (150 mg daily) by 40%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. The Cmax and AUC of omeprazole decreased by 14% and 14%, respectively.(1) In a study in 24 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 12 hours before a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) had no significant effect on rilpivirine Cmax or AUC.(1) In a study in 23 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 2 hours before a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) decreased the rilpivirine Cmax and AUC by 85% and 76%, respectively.(1) In a study in 24 subjects, famotidine (40 mg single dose) administered 4 hours after a single dose of rilpivirine (150 mg) increased the rilpivirine Cmax and AUC by 21% and 13%, respectively.(1)

Rilpivirine/Ombitasvir-Paritaprevir-Ritonavir

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir may inhibit the CYP3A4 mediated metabolism of rilpivirine leading to increased systemic exposure (area-under-curve, AUC).(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Increased exposure to rilpivirine may result in toxicity, including potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: The risk of QT prolongation or torsade de pointes may be increased in patients with cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart failure, myocardial infarction, history of torsade de pointes, congenital long QT syndrome), hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, bradycardia, female gender, advanced age or when receiving concomitant treatment with additional inhibitors of CYP3A4.(2) Concurrent use of more than one drug known to cause QT prolongation or higher systemic concentrations of either QT prolonging drug are additional risk factors for torsade de pointes. Factors which may increase systemic drug concentrations include rapid infusion of an intravenous dose, or impaired metabolism or elimination of the drug (e.g. coadministration with an agent which inhibits its metabolism or elimination, genetic impairment in drug metabolism or elimination, and/or renal/hepatic dysfunction).(2)

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The concurrent use of rilpivirine with ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir is not recommended due to the potential risk for QT prolongation.(1) Rilpivirine does not prolong the QT interval at the recommended dose of 25 mg daily. In interaction studies the combination of ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir and dasabuvir with rilpivirine (25 mg daily) increased rilpivirine exposure (AUC) approximately 3-fold (range: 2.80-3.77), similar to the exposure associated with a rilpivirine dose of 75 mg daily.(3) In rilpivirine QT studies, a 75 mg daily dose increased the QTc interval by 10.7 msec, just above the 10 msec threshold for regulatory concern.(3,4) If concurrent therapy is warranted, consider obtaining serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels and monitoring ECG at baseline and at regular intervals. Correct any electrolyte abnormalities. Instruct patients to report any irregular heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting.

DISCUSSION: In a clinical trial in healthy adults, rilpivirine at recommended dosages (25 mg daily) had no significant effects on the QTc interval. However, supratherapeutic dosages (75 mg daily and 300 mg daily) increased the QTc interval by 10.7 msec and 23.3 msec, respectively. Rilpivirine dosages of 75 mg daily and 300 mg daily resulted in rilpivirine maximum concentration (Cmax) levels of 2.6-fold and 6.7-respectively.(4)

Rilpivirine/Selected Moderate Cyp3a4 Inducers

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Moderate CYP3A4 inducers may induce the metabolism of rilpivirine.(1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or recent use of moderate CYP3A4 inducers may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Induction effects may be more likely with regular use of the inducer for longer than 1-2 weeks.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: The US DHHS HIV guidelines state that concurrent use of bosentan or mavacamten (moderate CYP3A4 inducers) with oral or intramuscular rilpivirine should be monitored closely. Consider alternative therapies that do not affect CYP3A4 or alternative antiretroviral agents. If concurrent use is necessary, virologic response should be monitored.(2) The US manufacturer of oral rilpivirine states that concurrent use of rifabutin (moderate CYP3A4 inducer) warrants dose adjustment. When administering moderate CYP3A4 inducers with oral rilpivirine, increase the dose of rilpivirine to 50 mg once daily. When rifabutin co-administration is stopped, the rilpivirine dose should be decreased to 25 mg once daily. It may take several weeks after the discontinuation of an enzyme inducer for enzyme activity to return to normal.(1)

DISCUSSION: In a study in 18 subjects, rifabutin (300 mg daily) decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax), area-under-curve (AUC), and minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine (25 mg orally daily) by 31%, 42%, and 48%, respectively.(1) A study in 18 subjects compared rilpivirine administered alone (25 mg orally daily) to coadministration with rifabutin (300 mg daily) and rilpivirine (50 mg orally daily). A significant difference was not found with the Cmax (1.43), AUC (1.16), or Cmin (0.93) of rilpivirine. (1) Selected moderate CYP3A4 inducers linked to this monograph include: belzutifan, bosentan, cenobamate, dabrafenib, dipyrone, elagolix, eslicarbazepine, fexinidazole, lesinurad, lorlatinib, mavacamten, mitapivat, modafinil, nafcillin, pacritinib, pexidartinib, repotrectinib, sotorasib, telotristat, thioridazine and tovorafenib.(3)

Rilpivirine/Tecovirimat

SEVERITY LEVEL: 3-Moderate Interaction: Assess the risk to the patient and take action as needed.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Tecovirimat may induce the metabolism of rilpivirine by CYP3A4.(1-4)

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Concurrent or recent use of tecovirimat may result in decreased levels and effectiveness of rilpivirine, as well as the development of resistance.(1-4)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: None determined.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT: Coadministration of rilpivirine with tecovirimat should be approached with caution. Consider increasing rilpivirine to 50 mg daily during treatment with tecovirimat and for approximately 2 weeks after the end of treatment.(1-4)

DISCUSSION: In a study in 18 subjects, rifabutin (300 mg daily), a moderate CYP3A4 inducer, decreased the maximum concentration (Cmax), area-under-curve (AUC), and minimum concentration (Cmin) of rilpivirine (25 mg orally daily) by 31%, 42%, and 48%, respectively.(1) A study in 18 subjects compared rilpivirine administered alone (25 mg orally daily) to coadministration with rifabutin (300 mg daily) and rilpivirine (50 mg orally daily). A significant difference was not found with the Cmax (1.43), AUC (1.16), or Cmin (0.93) of rilpivirine.(1) In a pharmacokinetic study, tecovirimat decreased the Cmax and AUC of midazolam by 39% and 32%, respectively.(2-3)

*Concomitant use of rilpivirine with drugs that induce cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 3A (CYP3A) or drugs that elevate gastric pH is contraindicated since substantially decreased plasma rilpivirine concentrations may occur and may result in loss of virologic response and development of resistance to rilpivirine and/or class resistance to HIV NNRTIs.

There are no contraindication contraindications for this drug.

• Depression
• Disease of liver
• Suicidal ideation

• Chronic kidney disease stage 4 (severe) GFR 15-29 ml/min
• Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (failure) GFr<15 ml/min
• Viral hepatitis

Adverse effects of at least moderate to severe intensity reported in 2% or more of patients in clinical trials include depressive disorders, insomnia, headache, and rash.

Rare or Very Rare

• Abnormal hepatic function tests
• Angioedema
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Biliary calculus
• Blistering skin
• Bronchospastic pulmonary disease
• Cholecystitis
• Conjunctivitis
• DRESS syndrome
• Dyspnea
• Eosinophilia
• Facial edema
• Glomerulonephritis
• Graves' disease
• Guillain-barre syndrome
• Hypersensitivity drug reaction
• Kidney stone
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Polymyositis
• Suicidal
• Suicidal ideation

More Frequent

• Headache disorder
• Injection site sequelae
• Insomnia
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Skin rash

Less Frequent

• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Dream disorder
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Rare or Very Rare

• Acute abdominal pain
• Agitation
• Anorexia
• Depression
• Drowsy
• Drug fever
• Oral hypoesthesia
• Sleep disorder
• Stomatitis
• Symptoms of anxiety
• Urticaria
• Weight gain

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Safety and efficacy of rilpivirine tablets (Edurant(R)) and tablets for oral suspension (Edurant PED(R)) have been established for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naive pediatric patients >=2 years of age and weighing >=14 kg.

The use of rilpivirine in this patient population is supported by the results of 3 trials (i.e., Trial TMC278-C213, Trial TMC278HTX2002, MOCHA trial). The single arm, open-label, phase 2, TMC278-C213 trial involved 2 cohorts of treatment-naive HIV-1 infected pediatric patients. Cohort 1 assessed the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine tablets in 36 pediatric patients (12 to <18 years of age and weighing >=32 kg). Cohort 2 assessed the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine tablets and tablets for oral suspension weight-adjusted doses in 18 pediatric patients (6 to <12 years of age and weighing >=17 kg). The single-arm, open-label, phase 2, TMC278HTX2002 trial assessed the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine tablets and tablets for oral suspension weight-adjusted doses in 26 pediatric patients (2 to <12 years of age and weighing >=16 kg). In the ongoing MOCHA trial, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral/injectable cabotegravir and oral/injectable rilpivirine are being evaluated.

Rilpivirine tablets for oral suspension (Edurant PED(R)) are not recommended for use in pediatric patients <2 years of age or weighing <14 kg.

The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to rilpivirine during pregnancy. Clinicians are encouraged to register patients in the APR by calling 800-258-4263 or visiting https://www.apregistry.com/.

The overall risk of birth defects with first-trimester exposure for rilpivirine was not markedly different compared to the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in the United States reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP). Limitations of using an external comparator (the MACDP) includes differences in populations and methodology, and confounding due to the underlying disease. The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR.

In a small study of 19 HIV-1 infected women on a rilpivirine-based regimen, protein binding was similar during the second and third trimesters and the postpartum period; however, total exposure of rilpivirine was approximately 30-40% lower during pregnancy when compared to the postpartum period. Of the 12 virologically suppressed patients at baseline (<50 copies/mL), virologic suppression with a rilpivirine-based regimen was maintained through the third trimester in 10 patients, and was well-tolerated. Among 10 infants born to HIV-1 infected women, all were HIV-1 negative at delivery and for 16 weeks post-partum. All infants received prophylactic zidovudine treatment at delivery.

Animal data have shown no increases in embryo-fetal toxicity at rilpivirine exposures 15-70 times the equivalent human exposure.

Monitor viral load closely in pregnant women; lower rilpivirine exposures have been observed in pregnant individuals.

Based on limited data, rilpivirine is present in human milk; however, there are no data on the effects of rilpivirine on the breast-fed infant or on milk production.

The HHS perinatal HIV transmission guideline provides updated recommendations on infant feeding. The guideline states that patients with HIV should receive evidence-based, patient-centered counseling to support shared decision making about infant feeding. During counseling, patients should be informed that feeding with appropriate formula or pasteurized donor human milk from a milk bank eliminates the risk of postnatal HIV transmission to the infant. Additionally, achieving and maintaining viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and postpartum reduces the risk of breastfeeding HIV transmission to <1%, but does not completely eliminate the risk. Replacement feeding with formula or banked pasteurized donor milk is recommended when patients with HIV are not on antiretroviral therapy and/or do not have a suppressed viral load during pregnancy (at a minimum throughout the third trimester), as well as at delivery.

The manufacturer makes no specific dosage recommendations for geriatric patients.

Consult the product labeling of commercially available fixed-combination products containing rilpivirine for specific dosage adjustments of each component in geriatric patients.

Experience in those 65 years of age and older is insufficient to determine whether they respond differently to rilpivirine than younger adults. Dosage should be selected with caution because of age-related decreases in hepatic, renal, and/or cardiac function and potential for concomitant disease and drug therapy.