African trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the genus *Trypanosoma*, specifically *Trypanosoma brucei gambiense* or *Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense*, and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa This secondary neurologic involvement causes hallmark disruptions in sleep-wake architecture, progressive neurocognitive impairment, sensory disturbances, and motor dysfunction, which ty...

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the genus *Trypanosoma*, specifically *Trypanosoma brucei gambiense* or *Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense*, and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa

The illness progresses through two distinct clinical phases: an initial hemolymphatic stage marked by nonspecific systemic features such as fever, headache, pruritus, and lymphadenopathy, followed by a meningoencephalitic stage as parasites cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system

The illness progresses through two distinct clinical phases: an initial hemolymphatic stage marked by nonspecific systemic features such as fever, headache, pruritus, and lymphadenopathy, followed by a meningoencephalitic stage as parasites cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system This secondary neurologic involvement causes hallmark disruptions in sleep-wake architecture, progressive neurocognitive impairment, sensory disturbances, and motor dysfunction, which typically lea...