Proteus cystitis

*Proteus* cystitis is a bacterial lower urinary tract infection characterized by inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by species of the Gram-negative genus *Proteus*, most commonly *Proteus mirabilis* While it can present as uncomplicated acute cystitis in healthy individuals, it disproportionately affects patients with indwelling urinary catheters, structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities, neurogenic bladder, or elderly populations

*Proteus* cystitis is a bacterial lower urinary tract infection characterized by inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by species of the Gram-negative genus *Proteus*, most commonly *Proteus mirabilis*

While it can present as uncomplicated acute cystitis in healthy individuals, it disproportionately affects patients with indwelling urinary catheters, structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities, neurogenic bladder, or elderly populations A hallmark pathophysiologic feature is the production of potent bacterial urease, which hydrolyzes urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, elevating urinary pH and predisposing patients to urothelial injury, catheter encrustation, and the formation of st...

A hallmark pathophysiologic feature is the production of potent bacterial urease, which hydrolyzes urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, elevating urinary pH and predisposing patients to urothelial injury, catheter encrustation, and the formation of struvite or apatite calculi Clinically, affected patients typically present with dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic tenderness, and foul-smelling or alkaline urine

Clinically, affected patients typically present with dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic tenderness, and foul-smelling or alkaline urine