Bomyntra (denosumab-bnht)

Hypercalcemia Agents Subcutaneous Syringe (Ml); Subcutaneous Vial (Ml)

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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data

Overview

Denosumab, denosumab-bbdz, denosumab-bmwo, denosumab-bnht, denosumab-desu, denosumab-dssb, denosumab-kyqq, denosumab-mobz, denosumab-nxxp, and denosumab-qbde, fully human monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and act as RANKL inhibitors, are bone resorption inhibitors.

FDA defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to an FDA-licensed reference biological with the exception of minor differences in clinically inactive components and for which there are no clinically meaningful differences in safety, purity, or potency. The claim of biosimilarity is based on a totality-of-evidence approach, which includes consideration of data from analytical, animal, and clinical studies (e.g., human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, clinical immunogenicity assessment, additional comparative clinical studies). Therefore, biosimilarity may be established even when there are formulation or minor structural differences as long as these differences are not clinically meaningful.

Biosimilars are approved through an abbreviated licensure pathway that establishes biosimilarity between the proposed biological and the reference biological but does not independently establish safety and effectiveness of the proposed biological. In order to be considered an interchangeable biosimilar, a biological product must meet additional requirements beyond demonstrating biosimilarity to its reference product; these requirements include demonstrating that the biological product can be expected to produce the same clinical results as the reference product in any given patient and, for a biological product that is administered more than once to an individual, the risk in terms of safety or diminished efficacy of alternating or switching between use of the biological product and the reference product is no greater than the risk of using the reference product without such alteration or switch. Biosimilar products that are interchangeable can be substituted for the reference product without the intervention of the healthcare provider who prescribed the reference product.

All of the approved denosumab biosimilars have brand name products that are designated as interchangeable with denosumab (Prolia(R)) or denosumab (Xgeva(R)).

In this monograph, unless otherwise stated, the term ''denosumab products'' refers to denosumab (the reference drug) and its approved biosimilars.

Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibody, is a bone resorption inhibitor. The drug has affinity and specificity for human receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and acts as a RANKL inhibitor. A member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, membrane-bound RANKL is expressed by osteoblasts.

Its receptor (RANK) is expressed on the cell surfaces of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. The interaction between RANK and RANKL is integral to the normal bone resorption process as it promotes osteoclast differentiation and activation and inhibits osteoclast apoptosis. The actions of denosumab are similar to those of osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor for RANKL that is principally secreted by osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells.

Denosumab (like osteoprotegerin) binds RANKL, preventing interaction with RANK. This inhibits osteoclast formation, function, and survival, decreasing bone resorption. In contrast to osteoprotegerin; however, denosumab is specific for RANKL and does not appear to bind to other members of the TNF superfamily.

Denosumab therapy results in reduced bone resorption markers and increased cortical and trabecular bone mass and strength. Reductions in bone formation markers are also seen, presumably due to the natural coupling of bone formation and resorption processes. The effects of denosumab are considered reversible since bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) return to baseline within 12 months after the drug is discontinued.

When rechallenged with denosumab, patients exhibit reproducible suppression of bone remodeling and increases in BMD.

In giant cell tumors of bone, stromal cells express RANKL and osteoclast-like giant cells express RANK receptor; signaling through the RANK receptor contributes to osteolysis and tumor growth. Denosumab prevents RANKL from activating the receptor on the surfaces of osteoclast, their precursors, and osteoclast-like giant cells.

Studies in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis indicate that biochemical bone turnover markers are suppressed within 3 days after a 60-mg dose of denosumab and maximal reductions generally occur by 1 month; toward the end of each 6-month dosing interval, serum concentrations of denosumab decrease with subsequent increases in bone turnover markers. The effects of denosumab on bone remodeling are thus reversible, and these effects were sustained with continued treatment.

In patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, the median reduction in urine N-telopeptide adjusted for urine creatinine (uNTx/Cr) was 82% within 1 week following the initial 120-mg dose of denosumab; in several trials in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors, the median reduction in uNTx/Cr from baseline to 3 months was approximately 80%. In patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma receiving subcutaneous denosumab in a dosage of 120 mg once every 4 weeks, steady-state concentrations of the drug appeared to be achieved by 6 months; the median reduction in uNTx/Cr was approximately 75% by week 5 and 74-79% during weeks 9-49 of therapy. In adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone receiving subcutaneous denosumab in a dosage of 120 mg once every 4 weeks with a 120-mg loading dose on days 8 and 15, the median reduction in uNTx/Cr from baseline was 84% at week 13 and 82% at week 25.

Following subcutaneous administration, bioavailability of denosumab is 62%. The drug exhibits a prolonged absorption phase; the median time to peak serum concentrations after a single 60-mg subcutaneous dose is 10 days (range: 3-21 days). No drug accumulation or change in pharmacokinetics with time was observed upon multiple subcutaneous dosing of denosumab 60 mg every 6 months.

Formation of binding antibodies did not affect pharmacokinetics. In patients with bone metastases receiving subcutaneous denosumab in a dosage of 120 mg once every 4 weeks, serum denosumab concentrations accumulated up to 2.8-fold and steady state was achieved by 6 months. When administered at the recommended dosage in patients with giant cell tumor of bone (120 mg once every 4 weeks, with an additional 120-mg dose given on day 8 and day 15 during the first month), steady state was achieved in 3 months.

Characterization of other monoclonal antibodies indicates that absorption is probably mediated by the lymphatic system. Furthermore, denosumab exhibits a prolonged beta-phase and a more rapid terminal elimination phase, resulting in a mean half-life of approximately 25-28 days. Denosumab clearance is thought to occur via the reticuloendothelial system and renal excretion is not expected.

The pharmacokinetics of denosumab are not affected by age, race, or gender. The pharmacokinetics of denosumab (in a dosage of 120 mg once every 4 weeks with a 120-mg loading dose on days 8 and 15) were similar between adults and skeletally-mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone. Studies using denosumab in a dosage of 60 mg once every 6 months indicate that pharmacokinetics are not affected by body weight.

Studies using denosumab in a dosage of 120 mg once every 4 weeks indicate that steady-state exposure is lower in 120-kg patients compared with 66-kg patients.

Denosumab (Prolia(R)) is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high risk for fracture, in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in patients at high risk for fracture, and to increase bone mass in patients at high risk for fracture who are receiving androgen deprivation or aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Generic name: denosumab-bnht
Pronunciation: (den-OH-sue-mab)
Drug class: Hypercalcemia Agents
Therapeutic class: Endocrine

Reference product & biosimilars

NameBiosimilarInterchangeable
Xgeva Reference
Amgen
Biocon Biologic Biosimilar Interchangeable
Organon Llc Biosimilar Interchangeable
Fresenius Kabi Biosimilar Interchangeable
Accord Biopharm Biosimilar Interchangeable
Celltrion Usa, Biosimilar Interchangeable
Sandoz Biosimilar Interchangeable
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Biosimilar Interchangeable

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Indications

The following indications are listed for Bomyntra:

  • Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone
  • Humoral Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy
  • Prevention Of Skeletal Related Events Associated With Bone Metastases From Solid Tumor
  • Prevention Of Skeletal Related Events In Multiple Myeloma

Also known as: Hypercalcemia Associated With Cancer, Hypercalcemia Associated With Malignancy, Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy, Malignant Hypercalcemia.

Dosing

Correct preexisting hypocalcemia prior to treatment initiation. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D may be required during treatment. All patients treated with denosumab products for osteoporosis or bone loss indications should receive 1000 mg of calcium daily and >=400 IU of vitamin D daily.

Drug interactions

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Contraindications

*Hypocalcemia (correct preexisting hypocalcemia prior to initiating denosumab products).

*History of clinically important hypersensitivity (e.g., systemic hypersensitivity) to denosumab products or any component in the formulation.

*Denosumab products labeled for use in the treatment of osteoporosis or bone loss (Prolia(R)) and its biosimilars are contraindicated in pregnant women.

Adverse reactions

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >5% of patients receiving denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis and reported more frequently with the drug than with placebo include back pain, extremity pain, musculoskeletal pain, hypercholesterolemia, and cystitis (in postmenopausal women) or back pain, arthralgia, and nasopharyngitis (in men).

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >3% of patients receiving denosumab for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and reported more frequently with denosumab than with risedronate include back pain, hypertension, bronchitis, and headache.

In clinical trials in patients receiving androgen deprivation or aromatase inhibitor therapy, adverse effects reported in >=10% of patients receiving denosumab for treatment of bone loss and reported more frequently with the drug than with placebo include arthralgia and back pain. Musculoskeletal and extremity pain have also been reported.

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >=25% of patients with bone metastases from solid tumors receiving denosumab include fatigue/asthenia, hypophosphatemia, and nausea.

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >=10% of patients with multiple myeloma receiving denosumab include diarrhea, nausea, anemia, back pain, thrombocytopenia, peripheral edema, hypocalcemia, upper respiratory infection, rash, and headache.

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >=10% of patients receiving denosumab for treatment of giant cell tumor of bone include arthralgia, headache, nausea, back pain, fatigue, and extremity pain.

Adverse effects reported in clinical trials in >20% of patients receiving denosumab for bisphosphonate-refractory hypercalcemia of malignancy include nausea, dyspnea, decreased appetite, headache, peripheral edema, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea.

Precautions

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ICD codes

CodeTypeDescription
Giant cell tumor of bone
C40ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage of limbs
C40.0ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of scapula and long bones of upper limb
C40.00ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of scapula and long bones of unspecified upper limb
C40.01ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of scapula and long bones of right upper limb
C40.02ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of scapula and long bones of left upper limb
C40.1ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of upper limb
C40.10ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of unspecified upper limb
C40.11ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of right upper limb
C40.12ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of left upper limb
C40.2ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of long bones of lower limb
C40.20ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of long bones of unspecified lower limb
C40.21ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of long bones of right lower limb
C40.22ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of long bones of left lower limb
C40.3ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of lower limb
C40.30ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of unspecified lower limb
C40.31ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of right lower limb
C40.32ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of short bones of left lower limb
C40.8ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bone and articular cartilage of limb
C40.80ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bone and articular cartilage of unspecified limb
C40.81ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bone and articular cartilage of right limb
C40.82ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of bone and articular cartilage of left limb
C40.9ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of unspecified bones and articular cartilage of limb
C40.90ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of unspecified bones and articular cartilage of unspecified limb
C40.91ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of unspecified bones and articular cartilage of right limb
C40.92ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of unspecified bones and articular cartilage of left limb
C41ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage of other and unspecified sites
C41.0ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of bones of skull and face
C41.1ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of mandible
C41.2ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of vertebral column
C41.3ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of ribs, sternum and clavicle
C41.4ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of pelvic bones, sacrum and coccyx
C41.9ICD10CMMalignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage, unspecified
D48.0ICD10CMNeoplasm of uncertain behavior of bone and articular cartilage
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
E83.52ICD10CMHypercalcemia
Prevention of skeletal related events associated with bone metastases from solid tumor
C79.51ICD10CMSecondary malignant neoplasm of bone
Prevention of skeletal related events in multiple myeloma
C90.0ICD10CMMultiple myeloma
C90.00ICD10CMMultiple myeloma not having achieved remission
C90.02ICD10CMMultiple myeloma in relapse

ICD code information from First Databank (FDB).

Formulary status

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Last reviewed · Source: First Databank (FDB) drug data