Hypermagnesemia

Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance defined by abnormally elevated serum magnesium concentrations, typically exceeding 2.6 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L or 2.2 mEq/L) Primarily affecting the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, it most commonly arises in patients with acute or chronic renal impairment who cannot sufficiently excrete magnesium, or in hospital settings following excessive administration of magnesium-containing antacids, laxatives, or intravenous therapies

Primarily affecting the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, it most commonly arises in patients with acute or chronic renal impairment who cannot sufficiently excrete magnesium, or in hospital settings following excessive administration of magnesium-containing antacids, laxatives, or intravenous therapies

Primarily affecting the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, it most commonly arises in patients with acute or chronic renal impairment who cannot sufficiently excrete magnesium, or in hospital settings following excessive administration of magnesium-containing antacids, laxatives, or intravenous therapies

Pathophysiologically, excess magnesium acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and impedes acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, leading to dose-dependent clinical manifestations

Mild elevations often present with flushing, nausea, and hyporeflexia, whereas severe hypermagnesemia can precipitate flaccid paralysis, respiratory depression, bradycardia, severe hypotension, heart block, and fatal cardiac arrest

Mild elevations often present with flushing, nausea, and hyporeflexia, whereas severe hypermagnesemia can precipitate flaccid paralysis, respiratory depression, bradycardia, severe hypotension, heart block, and fatal cardiac arrest

Mild elevations often present with flushing, nausea, and hyporeflexia, whereas severe hypermagnesemia can precipitate flaccid paralysis, respiratory depression, bradycardia, severe hypotension, heart block, and fatal cardiac arrest