Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly referred to as dry eye disease, is a multifactorial disorder affecting the ocular surface, tear film, and lacrimal functional unit Clinically, it manifests as tear film instability, ocular discomfort, foreign-body sensation, fluctuating visual acuity, and progressive epithelial damage across the cornea and conjunctiva

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly referred to as dry eye disease, is a multifactorial disorder affecting the ocular surface, tear film, and lacrimal functional unit Pathophysiologically, it is driven by tear hyperosmolarity and chronic immune-mediated ocular surface inflammation stemming from deficient aqueous tear production, excessive tear evaporation, or a combination of both

It predominantly affects adults, with an increased prevalence among older individuals, postmenopausal females, and patients with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren disease

It predominantly affects adults, with an increased prevalence among older individuals, postmenopausal females, and patients with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren disease Pathophysiologically, it is driven by tear hyperosmolarity and chronic immune-mediated ocular surface inflammation stemming from deficient aqueous tear production, excessive tear evaporation, or a combination of both

It predominantly affects adults, with an increased prevalence among older individuals, postmenopausal females, and patients with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren disease

Pathophysiologically, it is driven by tear hyperosmolarity and chronic immune-mediated ocular surface inflammation stemming from deficient aqueous tear production, excessive tear evaporation, or a combination of both Clinically, it manifests as tear film instability, ocular discomfort, foreign-body sensation, fluctuating visual acuity, and progressive epithelial damage across the cornea and conjunctiva