Post-operative nausea and vomiting

Post-operative nausea and vomiting is an adverse clinical state characterized by the subjective sensation of an urge to vomit, retching, or the forceful expulsion of gastric contents occurring within 24 to 48 hours following surgery and anesthesia It primarily impacts surgical patients across all age groups, affecting both the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, with heightened susceptibility observed in females, nonsmokers, and individuals with a history of motion sickness or previous...

It primarily impacts surgical patients across all age groups, affecting both the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, with heightened susceptibility observed in females, nonsmokers, and individuals with a history of motion sickness or previous perioperative emesis

It primarily impacts surgical patients across all age groups, affecting both the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, with heightened susceptibility observed in females, nonsmokers, and individuals with a history of motion sickness or previous perioperative emesis Pathophysiologically, the condition arises from multifactorial central nervous system stimulation where emetogenic triggers—including volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, and perioperative opioids—activate the chemoreceptor tr...

Pathophysiologically, the condition arises from multifactorial central nervous system stimulation where emetogenic triggers—including volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, and perioperative opioids—activate the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius via dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, muscarinic, and neurokinin-1 signaling pathways

Severe or unmanaged episodes can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, wound dehiscence, aspiration pneumonia, and delayed hospital discharge

Severe or unmanaged episodes can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, wound dehiscence, aspiration pneumonia, and delayed hospital discharge