Prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting

Prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting refers to the prophylactic mitigation of unpleasant subjective urges to vomit, retching, or the forceful expulsion of gastric contents occurring within 24 to 48 hours following surgical procedures under regional or general anesthesia

Prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting refers to the prophylactic mitigation of unpleasant subjective urges to vomit, retching, or the forceful expulsion of gastric contents occurring within 24 to 48 hours following surgical procedures under regional or general anesthesia

This clinical state primarily affects surgical patients across diverse demographics, with heightened susceptibility observed in females, non-smokers, individuals with a history of motion sickness, and those receiving perioperative opioids Pathophysiologically, it involves complex neurohumoral interactions where surgical trauma, volatile anesthetics, and opioids stimulate peripheral and central emetic pathways These signals converge on the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius...

This clinical state primarily affects surgical patients across diverse demographics, with heightened susceptibility observed in females, non-smokers, individuals with a history of motion sickness, and those receiving perioperative opioids These signals converge on the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius, mediated by serotonergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, muscarinic, and neurokinin-1 signaling networks

Pathophysiologically, it involves complex neurohumoral interactions where surgical trauma, volatile anesthetics, and opioids stimulate peripheral and central emetic pathways These signals converge on the chemoreceptor trigger zone and nucleus tractus solitarius, mediated by serotonergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, muscarinic, and neurokinin-1 signaling networks