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Physicians Office Resource's authored articles and clinical reviews, alongside curated literature and news for practical point-of-care guidance and insight.

Showing 229–240 of 2,098 articles

PLOS

Operationalizing independent oversight in large-scale public health cohorts: Monitoring protocol for the NIMHANS–NH–SKAN Stroke project

Background: onitoring the implementation of observational studies are rare, unlike experimental studies. This article aims to describe the development and implementation of a monitoring plan and framework for a large-scale cohort and quasi-experimental study: the NIMHANS-NH-SKAN Stroke project. Methods: The monitoring framework was developed through a systematic, stepwise process involving expert consultation workshops conducted by an Independent Monitoring Team in collaboration with the study t...

Articles
Mutharaju Arelingaiah, Arpitha Arun, Bangalore Sivilan Madhuri, Kibballi Madhukeshwar Akshaya, Huluvadi Shivalingaiah Anwith, Shivappa Usha, Ramesh Holla, Aravind Karinagannanavar, Malatesh Undi, Sharankumar Holyachi, Pradeep S. Banandur, Gautham Melur Sukumar, Banavaram Anniappan Arvind, Betagalli Mallappa Shivaraj, Khandiga Sharma Lakshmi, Thimappa Hegde, Komal Prasad, Lavanya Garady, Ankesh Ashwini, Upashana Medhi•
PLOS

A three process approach for insomnia-like awakenings

Mathematical modelling of sleep is a growing field, with an increasing number of applications to sleep disorders. However, despite its high prevalence and under-diagnosis worldwide, insomnia has not been among these disorders. We chart the development of sleep models and investigate the hypothesis that they can be simply modified to model insomnia, ultimately introducing a new model focusing on nocturnal awakenings as a starting point of insomnia-like behaviour, based on a three process approach...

Articles
Joe Rowland Adams, Maia Angelova•
PLOS

Tiger abundance and density estimates from non-invasive sources: Camera-trap and genetic capture-recapture analyses

We present tiger density and abundance estimates derived independently from two non-invasive sampling techniques: camera-trapping and fecal genetic sampling in same geographic areas. Camera-trap data collected in 2009 covered 359.2 km2 of lowland core area of Chitwan National Park using 187 camera-trap locations and 2,821 trap-nights obtaining 264 identifiable photographs of 41 tigers with 103 recaptures. Fecal genetic sampling in 2011 surveyed 325 km2 along three spatial routes covering 1,173 k...

Articles
Kanchan Thapa, Marcella J. Kelly, Lisette Waits, Manisha Bista, Jivan Shakya, Maheshwar Dhakal, Naresh Subedi, Samundra Ambuhang Subba, Netra Sharma Sapkota, Dibesh Karmacharya•
PLOS

Genetic analysis of 7,000 year old preserved goat leather from Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol, Spain)

Advances in ancient DNA research have expanded the range of materials from which genetic information can be recovered, enabling the analysis of atypical materials. These often preserve both host and exogenous DNA, for example due to handling or native microbes, offering a window into past diversity. Here we report one such exceptional material: a well-preserved goat leather specimen from Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol, Spain), associated with an Early Neolithic context. Archaeozoological anal...

Articles
Jolijn A. M. Erven, Zoé Robinet Guyet, Louis L’Hôte, Valeria Mattiangeli, Eva Fernández-Domínguez, Geordie Laidlaw, Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez, Blas Ramos Rodríguez, Maria Herrero-Otal, Pedro Henríquez Valido, José Antonio Lozano Rodríguez, The VarGoats consortium, Daniel G. Bradley, Kevin G. Daly, Francisco Martínez-Sevilla•
PLOS

Diabetes and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis: A comparative survival analysis with complementary machine-learning methods

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and confers excess mortality in patients on hemodialysis. However, which diabetes-specific clinical parameters best predict survival remains insufficiently explored. Methods: This retrospective cohort study followed 252 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (126 with diabetes, 126 without) from three centres in Ankara, Turkey, over 68 months (January 2020–September 2025; 66 deaths). Mortality predictors were asse...

Articles
Berrak Itır Aylı, Çiğdem Ikhlef, Ebru Gök Oğuz, Nüket Paksoy•
PLOS

Effects and mechanisms of exercise timing on cognitive function in older type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment: A magnetic resonance imaging-based randomized controlled trial protocol

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prevalent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cognitive impairment progressively impairs self-care abilities, thereby triggering a vicious cycle of poor glycemic control and further cognitive decline. Exercise has been widely recognized as an effective strategy to improve both glycemic control and cognitive function; however, an optimal time of day for exercise to mitigate this neurodegenerative trajectory has not been determined. Thi...

Articles
Yanyu Lin, Zhiying Ma, Jinghua Zhang, Jie Zhuang•
PLOS

Impact of cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the geriatric population of Añisok, Equatorial Guinea: A prospective cohort study (2024–2025)

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing global health challenge, with management increasingly focused on organ protection and mitigating cardiometabolic-renal risk. In sub-Saharan African geriatric populations, the interplay between frailty, hypertension, and obesity presents critical diagnostic and management challenges. This prospective cohort study evaluated the baseline prevalence of T2D and the prospective risk of major adverse clinical outcomes associated with a concomitant...

Articles
María Nieves Ayetebe Abogo, Mariano Guerrero Fernández, Roberto Ferrándiz Gomis, Raquel Jiménez Fernández•
PLOS

Examining the association between household water insecurity, food insecurity and depression among people living with HIV in Ghana

Although recent literature increasingly recognizes HIV, food insecurity, water insecurity, and depression as interconnected syndemics, research simultaneously evaluating the role of all these factors is limited among people living with HIV. We assessed the associations between water insecurity and food insecurity and how they relate to depression among people living with HIV in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of an ongoing cohort in three regions of Ghana. PHQ-9 d...

Articles
Jerry John Ouner, Agani Afaya, Jaffer Okiring, Sera Young, Rachel G. A. Thompson, Torsten B. Neilands, Tarik Benmarhnia, Isaac Yeboah, Raymond Aborigo, Monica Getahun, Sheri Weiser•
PLOS

Pharmacogenomics-guided cardiovascular therapy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of barriers, equity gaps, and pathways to personalized medicine

Cardiovascular disease causes more deaths than any other condition worldwide, and four in five of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pharmacogenomics (PGx) uses genetic testing to guide drug selection and administration, which can reduce adverse drug reactions and enhance treatment response; however, LMIC groups are significantly underrepresented in the evidence base, limiting equitable clinical translation. A systematic review was conducted, following PRISMA 2020 gu...

Articles
Md. Farid Reza Mashfi, Sumiya Sharmin Mou, Monalisa Riya, Nasiba Binte Bahar, Tasnuha Islam, Fayek Rafi Ahmad, Fabliha Fatima, Md. Elias Al-Mamun•
PLOS

Nationwide trends in physical disability among rheumatoid arthritis patients in Korea (2010–2022): A retrospective cohort study based on national registry data

Background: Whether the burden of legally certified disability among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has decreased in the modern treatment era is uncertain, particularly in Asia. We investigated trends in registered and physical disability among Korean patients with RA. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service data (patient-level 50% random sample), we identified patients aged ≥19 years with seropositive RA registered in the copayment assistance program for rare and intractable d...

Articles
Bo Young Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Hwajeong Lee, Jung-Yoon Choe, Sung-Hoon Park, Sang Gyu Kwak•
PLOS

Integrative analysis reveals shared biomarkers and pathways in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning and single-cell sequencing

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are prevalent chronic diseases characterized by bone loss and immune dysregulation. Evidence suggests that patients with RA are at increased risk of developing OP; however, the shared molecular mechanisms linking these conditions remain incompletely understood. Methods: Publicly available bulk transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets for OP and RA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. W...

Articles
Jin Zhao, Yixuan Chen, Fei Yang, Cheng Tian, Wenyan Luo, Zhou Su, Bohuan Yang, Wei Liu, Hongbo Yang•
PubMed

Prevalence of Reactive Screening Markers for HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis Among Blood Donors at the Provincial Hospital of Sarh, Chad: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Blood transfusion safety remains a challenge in resource-limited settings. This study estimated the prevalence of reactive screening markers for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among blood donors at Sarh Provincial Hospital, Chad. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study used blood bank register data from 18 September to 18 November 2023. Of 2,868 records identified, 27 were excluded and 2,841 donors were analyzed. Screening used rapid...

Articles
Mahamat AB, Abdel-Aziz MH, Bechir AB, Djakmoudwé BE, Alio HM•